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1.Detect changes and feel sensations
2. Initiate response to change
3. Organize and store information

FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Brain and spinal cord

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Name for the main cells of the nervous system

NERVE FIBER

Processes that carry impulses toward the cell body

DENDRITES

Contains the nucleus

CELL BODY

Process that carries impulses away from cell body

AXON

Carries impulses from receptors to the CNS

SENSORY NEURONS

Carries impulses from CNS to effectors

MOTOR NEURONS

Bundles of axons and/or dendrites of many neurons

NERVE

TYPE OF NERVE:
Made only of sensory neurons

SENSORY NERVE

TYPE OF NERVE:
Made only of motor neurons

MOTOR NERVE

TYPE OF NERVE:
Made of both sensory and motor neurons

MIXED NERVE

-Groups of neurons within the CNS
-Also called white matter due to the myelin sheath that surrounds them
-Either sensory or motor type (not mixed)

NERVE TRACTS

Support cells of CNS that carry out a variety of functions to aid and protect components of the nervous system

NEUROGLIA

Support cells of PNS that are responsible for the myelin that surrounds the axons of neurons in the PNS

SCHWANN'S CELLS

The space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of the next neuron

SYNAPSE

-Chemical released by the axon of a neuron
-Crosses the synapse to go to the dendrites or cell body of the next neuron

NEUROTRANSMITTER

4 Steps of nerve impulse

POLARIZATION
DEPOLARIZATION
PROPAGATION
REPOLARIZATION

Where neuron's cell membrane has a (+) charge on the outside and a (-) charge on the inside surface

1st step of the nerve impulse

POLARIZATION

2nd step in the nerve impulse

Neurotransmitter stimulates the cell membrane of the neuron

(+) charge on the inside and (-) on the outside

DEPOLARIZATION

3rd step of the nerve impulse

PROPAGATION

4th step of the nerve impulse

(+) on outside and (-) on inside of neuron's cell membrane

REPOLARIZATION

8 spinal nerves to head, neck, shoulder, arm and diaphragm

CERVICAL

12 pairs to trunk

THORACIC

5 pairs to hip, pelvic cavity, and leg

5 LUMBAR AND 5 SACRAL

Very small pair

COCCYGEAL

The lumbar and sacral nerves that extend below the spinal cord

CAUDA EQUINA

Pathway of a nerve impulses during a reflex

REFLEX ARC-RECEPTORS TO SENSORY NEURONS TO CNS TO MOTOR NEURONS TO EFFECTORS THAT RESPOND (RSME)

Parts of the brain (8 parts)

VENTRICLES, MEDULLA, PONS, MIDBRAIN, CEREBELLUM, HYPOTHALAMUS, THALAMUS, CEREBRUM

-Four cavities

-Contains a choroid plexus that forms CSF

VENTRICLES

-Regulates the vital functions of heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure
-Regulates reflexes of coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting

MEDULLA

-Between the medulla and midbrain

-Contains the respiratory centers that work with those in the medulla

PONS

-Superior part of the brain stem

-Center for visual reflexes, audiotory reflexes and equilibrium reflexes

MIDBRAIN

-Regulates coordination of voluntary movement, muscle tone, stopping movements and equilibrium
-Contributes to sensations involving textrure and weight

CEREBELLUM

-Produces hormones
-Regulates body temperature and food intake
-Integrates functioning of the autonomic nervous system
-Acts as a biological clock

HYPOTHALAMUS

-Groups sensory impulses as to body parts before relaying them to the cerebrum
-Awareness of pain, but cannot localize
-Memory

THALAMUS

-Two hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum, which permits communication between the hemispheres
Parts: Frontal Lobes, Parietal Lobes, Temporal Lobes, Occipital Lobes, Basal Ganglia

CEREBRUM

-Initiate voluntary movement

FRONTAL LOBES

-General sensory area feels and interprets the cutaneous senses and counscious muscle sense
-Some sense of taste
-Speech areas for thought before speech

PARIETAL LOBES

-Auditory areas for hearing
-Olfactory areas for sense of smell and interpretation

TEMPORAL LOBES

-Vision

OCCIPITAL LOBES

Outer layer of meninges

DURA MATER (THINK DURABLE)

Middle layer of meninges

ARACHNOID MATER (THINK SPIDER WEBS)

Inner layer of meninges

PIA MATER

Part of the PNS: Consists of motor neurons to visceral effectors (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands)

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Two divisions of ANS

SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC

Dominates during stress situations

SYMPATHETIC

Dominates in relaxed situations to permit normal functioning

PARASYMPATHETIC



Front		Back
1.Detect changes and feel sensations 2. Initiate response to change 3. Organize and store information		FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Brain and spinal cord		CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Cranial nerves and spinal nerves		PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Name for the main cells of the nervous system		NERVE FIBER
Processes that carry impulses toward the cell body		DENDRITES
Contains the nucleus		CELL BODY
Process that carries impulses away from cell body		AXON
Carries impulses from receptors to the CNS		SENSORY NEURONS
Carries impulses from CNS to effectors		MOTOR NEURONS
Bundles of axons and/or dendrites of many neurons		NERVE
TYPE OF NERVE: Made only of sensory neurons		SENSORY NERVE
TYPE OF NERVE: Made only of motor neurons		MOTOR NERVE
TYPE OF NERVE: Made of both sensory and motor neurons		MIXED NERVE
-Groups of neurons within the CNS -Also called white matter due to the myelin sheath that surrounds them -Either sensory or motor type (not mixed)		NERVE TRACTS
Support cells of CNS that carry out a variety of functions to aid and protect components of the nervous system		NEUROGLIA
Support cells of PNS that are responsible for the myelin that surrounds the axons of neurons in the PNS		SCHWANN'S CELLS
The space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of the next neuron		SYNAPSE
-Chemical released by the axon of a neuron -Crosses the synapse to go to the dendrites or cell body of the next neuron		NEUROTRANSMITTER
4 Steps of nerve impulse		POLARIZATION DEPOLARIZATION PROPAGATION REPOLARIZATION
Where neuron's cell membrane has a (+) charge on the outside and a (-) charge on the inside surface 1st step of the nerve impulse		POLARIZATION
2nd step in the nerve impulse Neurotransmitter stimulates the cell membrane of the neuron (+) charge on the inside and (-) on the outside		DEPOLARIZATION
3rd step of the nerve impulse		PROPAGATION
4th step of the nerve impulse (+) on outside and (-) on inside of neuron's cell membrane		REPOLARIZATION
8 spinal nerves to head, neck, shoulder, arm and diaphragm		CERVICAL
12 pairs to trunk		THORACIC
5 pairs to hip, pelvic cavity, and leg		5 LUMBAR AND 5 SACRAL
Very small pair		COCCYGEAL
The lumbar and sacral nerves that extend below the spinal cord		CAUDA EQUINA
Pathway of a nerve impulses during a reflex		REFLEX ARC-RECEPTORS TO SENSORY NEURONS TO CNS TO MOTOR NEURONS TO EFFECTORS THAT RESPOND (RSME)
Parts of the brain (8 parts)		VENTRICLES, MEDULLA, PONS, MIDBRAIN, CEREBELLUM, HYPOTHALAMUS, THALAMUS, CEREBRUM
-Four cavities -Contains a choroid plexus that forms CSF		VENTRICLES
-Regulates the vital functions of heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure -Regulates reflexes of coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting		MEDULLA
-Between the medulla and midbrain -Contains the respiratory centers that work with those in the medulla		PONS
-Superior part of the brain stem -Center for visual reflexes, audiotory reflexes and equilibrium reflexes		MIDBRAIN
-Regulates coordination of voluntary movement, muscle tone, stopping movements and equilibrium -Contributes to sensations involving textrure and weight		CEREBELLUM
-Produces hormones -Regulates body temperature and food intake -Integrates functioning of the autonomic nervous system -Acts as a biological clock		HYPOTHALAMUS
-Groups sensory impulses as to body parts before relaying them to the cerebrum -Awareness of pain, but cannot localize -Memory		THALAMUS
-Two hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum, which permits communication between the hemispheres Parts: Frontal Lobes, Parietal Lobes, Temporal Lobes, Occipital Lobes, Basal Ganglia		CEREBRUM
-Initiate voluntary movement		FRONTAL LOBES
-General sensory area feels and interprets the cutaneous senses and counscious muscle sense -Some sense of taste -Speech areas for thought before speech		PARIETAL LOBES
-Auditory areas for hearing -Olfactory areas for sense of smell and interpretation		TEMPORAL LOBES
-Vision		OCCIPITAL LOBES
Outer layer of meninges		DURA MATER (THINK DURABLE)
Middle layer of meninges		ARACHNOID MATER (THINK SPIDER WEBS)
Inner layer of meninges		PIA MATER
Part of the PNS: Consists of motor neurons to visceral effectors (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands)		AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Two divisions of ANS		SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC
Dominates during stress situations		SYMPATHETIC
Dominates in relaxed situations to permit normal functioning		PARASYMPATHETIC



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