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Front | Back | ||
1.Detect changes and feel sensations
2. Initiate response to change 3. Organize and store information |
FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
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Brain and spinal cord
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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
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PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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Name for the main cells of the nervous system
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NERVE FIBER
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Processes that carry impulses toward the cell body
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DENDRITES
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Contains the nucleus
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CELL BODY
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Process that carries impulses away from cell body
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AXON
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Carries impulses from receptors to the CNS
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SENSORY NEURONS
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Carries impulses from CNS to effectors
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MOTOR NEURONS
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Bundles of axons and/or dendrites of many neurons
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NERVE
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TYPE OF NERVE:
Made only of sensory neurons |
SENSORY NERVE
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TYPE OF NERVE:
Made only of motor neurons |
MOTOR NERVE
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TYPE OF NERVE:
Made of both sensory and motor neurons |
MIXED NERVE
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-Groups of neurons within the CNS
-Also called white matter due to the myelin sheath that surrounds them -Either sensory or motor type (not mixed) |
NERVE TRACTS
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Support cells of CNS that carry out a variety of functions to aid and protect components of the nervous system
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NEUROGLIA
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Support cells of PNS that are responsible for the myelin that surrounds the axons of neurons in the PNS
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SCHWANN'S CELLS
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The space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of the next neuron
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SYNAPSE
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-Chemical released by the axon of a neuron
-Crosses the synapse to go to the dendrites or cell body of the next neuron |
NEUROTRANSMITTER
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4 Steps of nerve impulse
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POLARIZATION
DEPOLARIZATION PROPAGATION REPOLARIZATION | ||
Where neuron's cell membrane has a (+) charge on the outside and a (-) charge on the inside surface
1st step of the nerve impulse |
POLARIZATION
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2nd step in the nerve impulse
Neurotransmitter stimulates the cell membrane of the neuron (+) charge on the inside and (-) on the outside |
DEPOLARIZATION
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3rd step of the nerve impulse
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PROPAGATION
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4th step of the nerve impulse
(+) on outside and (-) on inside of neuron's cell membrane |
REPOLARIZATION
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8 spinal nerves to head, neck, shoulder, arm and diaphragm
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CERVICAL
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12 pairs to trunk
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THORACIC
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5 pairs to hip, pelvic cavity, and leg
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5 LUMBAR AND 5 SACRAL
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Very small pair
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COCCYGEAL
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The lumbar and sacral nerves that extend below the spinal cord
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CAUDA EQUINA
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Pathway of a nerve impulses during a reflex
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REFLEX ARC-RECEPTORS TO SENSORY NEURONS TO CNS TO MOTOR NEURONS TO EFFECTORS THAT RESPOND (RSME)
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Parts of the brain (8 parts)
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VENTRICLES, MEDULLA, PONS, MIDBRAIN, CEREBELLUM, HYPOTHALAMUS, THALAMUS, CEREBRUM
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-Four cavities
-Contains a choroid plexus that forms CSF |
VENTRICLES
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-Regulates the vital functions of heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure
-Regulates reflexes of coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting |
MEDULLA
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-Between the medulla and midbrain
-Contains the respiratory centers that work with those in the medulla |
PONS
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-Superior part of the brain stem
-Center for visual reflexes, audiotory reflexes and equilibrium reflexes |
MIDBRAIN
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-Regulates coordination of voluntary movement, muscle tone, stopping movements and equilibrium
-Contributes to sensations involving textrure and weight |
CEREBELLUM
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-Produces hormones
-Regulates body temperature and food intake -Integrates functioning of the autonomic nervous system -Acts as a biological clock |
HYPOTHALAMUS
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-Groups sensory impulses as to body parts before relaying them to the cerebrum
-Awareness of pain, but cannot localize -Memory |
THALAMUS
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-Two hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum, which permits communication between the hemispheres
Parts: Frontal Lobes, Parietal Lobes, Temporal Lobes, Occipital Lobes, Basal Ganglia |
CEREBRUM
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-Initiate voluntary movement
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FRONTAL LOBES
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-General sensory area feels and interprets the cutaneous senses and counscious muscle sense
-Some sense of taste -Speech areas for thought before speech |
PARIETAL LOBES
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-Auditory areas for hearing
-Olfactory areas for sense of smell and interpretation |
TEMPORAL LOBES
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-Vision
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OCCIPITAL LOBES
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Outer layer of meninges
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DURA MATER (THINK DURABLE)
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Middle layer of meninges
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ARACHNOID MATER (THINK SPIDER WEBS)
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Inner layer of meninges
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PIA MATER
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Part of the PNS: Consists of motor neurons to visceral effectors (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands)
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AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
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Two divisions of ANS
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SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC
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Dominates during stress situations
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SYMPATHETIC
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Dominates in relaxed situations to permit normal functioning
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PARASYMPATHETIC
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