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Front | Back | ||
What four things make up the upper respiratory tract?
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nose
nasal cavity pharynx sinuses | ||
Mast cells release histamine which cause what reactions?
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sneexing, watery eyes, itching nose, vasodilation, bronchoconstriction and increased secretion
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The upper respiratory tract is richly supplied iwth vascular tissue which is under the control of what system?
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Autonomic nervous system
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What do you call inflammation of nasal mucosa due to allergens?
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allergic rhinitis
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What are the three drug classes for preventing (prophylaxis) allergic rhinitis?
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- anti-hystamines
- nasal steroids - mast cell stabilizers | ||
Name a reliever of allergic rhinitis.
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decongestants
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What is the prototype 1st generation antihistamine?
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Benadryl
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What is the prototype second generation antihistamine?
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Allegra
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What is the MOA of Anti-histamines?
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bind to histamine receptor to prevent response (does not prevent histamine release)
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What is one contraindication of Antihistmines?
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narrow angle glaucoma
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What are sx of antihistamines?
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2nd Gen - decreased drowsiness
1st Gen - dry mouth and mucus membranes, urinary retention, nausea, headache, dizziness, paradoxical CNS stimulation | ||
What nursing implications are there for antihistamines?
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-Assess symptoms: sneezing, runny nose, itching eyes, nose and throat
- Anti-cholinergic effects with 1st generation - dry mouth and urinary retention | ||
What are six pt teachings for Antihistamines?
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- should be taken before exposure to allergen
- avoid driving until response to med is known - caution in using alcohol and other cns depressants (narcotics, sedatives) - report eye pain, blurred vision, difficulty voiding - 1st gen - paradoxical cns stimulation: nervousness, insomina, tremors - 2nd gen - do not take with juices | ||
Name five meds used to treat colds.
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- antihistamines
- oral decongestants - antitussives - expectorants - mucolytics | ||
What is the drug of choice for perinneial allergic rhinitis?
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Flonase (fluticasone propionate) (glucocorticoid)
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What is the MOA of nasal steroid glucocorticoid Flonase (Fluticasone propionate)?
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decrease inflammation
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What sx are related to nasal steroid glucocorticoid Flonase (Fluticasone propionate)?
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because it is topical and not systemic it has very few sx - dry nasal mucosa (epistaxis), burning sentation
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List three nursing implications for nasal steroid glucocorticoid Flonase (Fluticasone propionate)?
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- give nasal decongestants 15 min before nasal steroid
- pt to blow nose before administering - assess mouth/throat for infection (thrush) | ||
What is the prototype drug for nasal decongestants?
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Afrin (oxymetazoline)
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What is the pharmalogical classification for nasal decongestant Afrin (oxymetazoline)?
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sympathomimetic
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What is the MOA of nasal decongestant Afrin (oxymetazoline)?
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bind to alpha1 receptors to vasoconstrict nasal mucosa
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What are sx of nasal decongestant Afrin (oxymetazoline)?
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- nasal spray - not systemically absorbed
- oral - HTN, insomnia, anxiety (eg sudafed) | ||
What nursing implication exists for nasal decongestant Afrin (oxymetazoline)?
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can cause rebound congesting if used > 3-5 days
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What meds are used to suppress dry, hacking, irritating, non-productive cough?
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Antitussives
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What type of antitussive is dextromethorphan?
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non-opioid
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What type of antitussive is codeine?
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opioid
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What is the MOA of antitussive non-opioid dextromethorphan?
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suppresses cough reflex in the medulla
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What are two contraindicaions for antitussive non-opioid dextromethorphan?
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- MAO inhibitors
- SSRI | ||
What are four nursing implications for Antitussives?
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- increase fluid intake
- assess respiratory status - report cough lasting >1week - do not drink immediately after taking | ||
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