|
|||
Front | Back | ||
FLUID VOLUME EXCESS
HYPERVOLEMEIA |
TOO MUCH VOLUME IN VASCULAR SPACE
| ||
HYPERVOLEMIA CAUSES
|
1. CHF( HEART IS WEAK, CO DOWN, DECREASED KIDNEY PERFUSION, DECREASED UP)
2. RF 3. ALKASELTERS, FLEET ENEMAS, AND IV FLUIDS WITH SODIUM (ALL THREE HAVE LOTS OF SODIUM) 4. ALDOSTERONE 5. ADH | ||
ALDOSTERONE (STEROID, MINERALCORTICOID)
|
WHEN BLOOD VOLUME GOES DOWN ALDOSTERONE INCREASES
RETAIN SODIUM AND WATER | ||
ALDOSTERONE TOO MUCH
|
CUSHINGS
HYPERALDOSTERONE CONNS ALSO SEEN IN LIVER AND HEART DISEASE | ||
ALDOSTERONE TOO LITTLE
|
ADDISONS DISEASE
| ||
ADH
|
VASOPRESSIN ALSO CALLED
LIVES IN PITUITARY PROBLEMS: CRANIOTOMY HEAD INJURY SINUS SURGERY TRANSPHENOIDAL HYPOPHYSECTOMY | ||
SIADH
ADH TOO MUCH |
FLUID VOLUME EXCESS
URINE CONCENTRATED LOW OUTPUT BLOOD DILUTE | ||
DI
TOO LITTLE ADH |
FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT
SHOCK URINE DILUTE LARGE AMOUNTS BLOOD VERY CONCENTRATED | ||
S/S OF FVE
|
| ||
TREATMENT FVE
|
LOW SODIUM DIET
DIURETICS 1. LOOP 2. THIAZIDES 3. POTASSIUM SPARING BED REST GIVE IVF'S SLOWLY TO ELDERLY | ||
FV DEFICIT CAUSES
|
THORACENTESIS
PARACENTESIS VOMITING DIARRHEA HEMMORHAGING THIRD SPACING FROM BURNS AND ASCITES DISEASE WITH POLYURIA-DM | ||
S/S FVD
|
| ||
TX FVD
|
MILD DEFICIT PO FLUIDS
SEVERE IV FLUIDS | ||
IV FLUIDS ISOTONIC
|
GO IN VASCULAR SPACE AND STAY THERE
NORMAL SALINE .9 LR D5W | ||
IV FLUIDS HYPOTONIC
|
HANG OUT IN VASCULAR SPACE FOR A LIL WHILE AND REHYDRATE
BUT DONT STAY THERE WONT DRIVE PRESSURE UP CAUSES FLUID SHIFT FROM VASCULAR SPACE INTO CELL | ||
IV FLUIDS HYPERTONIC
|
VOLUME EXPANDER
SOLUTION THAT DRAWS FLUID INTO THE VASCULAR SPACE | ||
MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM
|
ACT AS SEDATIVES
| ||
MAGNESIUM
HYPER CAUSES |
CAUSES
RENAL FAILURE ANTACIDS | ||
HYPERMAGNESIUM
S/S |
| ||
TX HYPERMAG
|
VENTILATOR
DIALYSIS CALCIUM GLUCONATE | ||
HYPERCALCIUM CAUSES
|
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
THIAZIDES-RETAIN CA IMMOBILIZATION | ||
HYPERCALC
S/S |
BRITTLE BONES
KIDNEY STONES | ||
TX HYPERCALC
|
MOVEMENT
FLUIDS PHOSPHOSODA WITH FLEET ENEMAS PHOSPHORUS INVERSES CALCIUM STEROIDS-DECREASE CA CALCITONIN-DRIVES BACK INTO BONES | ||
CAUSES OF HYPOMAG
|
DIARRHEA
ALCOHOLISM NOT EATING AND DRINKING | ||
CAUSES OF HYPOCALCE
|
HYPOPARATHYOIDISM
RADICAL NECK THYROIDECTOMY | ||
S/S HYPOMAGNES AND HYPOCALC
|
| ||
TX HYPOMAG
|
CHECK KIDNEY FUNCTION DURING IV ADMIN OF MAGNESIA
SEIZURE PRECAUTIONS | ||
TX HYPOCALCEM
|
AMPHOGEL-PHOSPHORUS BINDING GEL
IV CA-WATCH HEART | ||
HYPERNATREMIA
|
DEHYDRATION
CAUSES 1. HYPERVENTILATION 2. HEAT STROKE 3. DI | ||
S/S HYPERNATREMIA
|
DRY MOUTH
THIRSTY SWOLLEN TONGUE | ||
TX HYPERNATREMIA
|
RESTRICT NA
DILUTE WITH IV FLUIDS DAILY WEIGHTS I/O | ||
HYPONATREMIA
|
LOW SALT TOO MUCH WATER
| ||
CAUSES HYPONATREMIA
|
VOMITING
SWEATING THEN DRINKING WATER PSYCOGENIC POLYDIPSIA D5W SIADH | ||
TX HYPONATREMIA
|
NEEDS SODIUM NOT WATER
IF NEURO PROBS:NEED HYPERTONIC SALINE 3-5%NS | ||
POTASSIUM FACTS
|
EXCRETED BY KIDNEYS
KIDNEYS NOT WORKING WELL POTASSIUM GOES UP | ||
HYPERKALEMIA CAUSES
|
KIDNET PROBLEMS
ALDACTONE-RETAIN K | ||
S/S HYPERKALEMIA
|
BEGINS WITH MUSCLE TWITCHING
PROCEEDS TO WEAKNESS AND FLACCID PARALYSIS | ||
TX HYPERKALEMIA
|
DIALYSIS
CALCIUM GLUCONATE-DECREASES ARRYTHMIAS GLUCOSE AND INSULIN INSULIN TAKES POTASSIUM AND GLUCOSE BACK INTO THE CELL GIVE KAEXYLATE-EXCHANGES NA AND K INTO THE GI TRACT | ||
HYPOKALEMIA CAUSES
|
1. VOMITING
2. NG SUCTIONING 3. DIURETICS 4. NOT EATING THINK STOMACH | ||
HYPOKALEMIA S/S
|
MUSCLE CRAMPS AND WEAKNESS
| ||
TX OF HYPOKALEMIA
|
GIVE K
EAT K ALDACTONE SODIUM AND POTASSIUM HAVE AN INVERSE RELATIONSHIP | ||
EXTRAS POTASSIUM
|
ALWAYS PUT ON PUMP
NEVER GIVE PUSH MIX WELL WILL BURN MAJOR PROBLEM WITH PO POTASSIUM IS STOMACH UPSET | ||
x of y cards | Next >| |