| MED-FinalExam |
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| Front | Back | |
Fibrous layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eye and is continuous with the white of the eye
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Cornea
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Yellowish region in the retina; contains the fovea centralis
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macula lutea
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Snail shaped object in the ear
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cochlea
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Channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx
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Eustachian tube
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Fluid contained in the inner ear part of the ear
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perilymph
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Maze like series of canals of the inner ear
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labyrinth
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Eye inflammation commonly known as pink eye
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conjunctivitis
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What is presbyopia
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impairment of vision due to old age
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What is myopia
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nearsightedness
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A defective curvature of the cornea or lens
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astigmatism
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Bacterial infection of the middle ear
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suppurative otitis media
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Nerve deafness occurring with aging
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presbycusis
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Fungal infection of the ear
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otomycosis
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Clouding of the lens causing decreased vision
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cataract
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Abnormal deviations of the eye
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strabismus
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Localized infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid
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hordeolum (stye)
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Increase intraocular pressure results in retinal and optic nerve damage
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glaucoma
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Collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear
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cholesteatoma
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Sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling) in the ears
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tinnitus
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Sensation of irregular or whirling motion wither of oneself or of external objects
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vertigo
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Surgical repair of the eardrum
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tympanoplasty
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The middle layer of the skin is
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dermis
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Structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue
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collagen
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What does Xer/o mean
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dry
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Combining form meaning skin
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cutane/o
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What does subungual mean
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pertaining to under a nail
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Black pigment found in the epidermis
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melanin
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Oily substance secreted by the sebaceous gland
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sebum
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Absence of pigment in the skin
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albinism
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Inflammation of the soft tissue around a nail
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paronychia
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What is diaphoresis
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profuse sweating
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What is the medical term for Fungal infection
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trichomycosis
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A collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the ear, is known as
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cholesteatoma
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What is a small abcess
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Pustule
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What is puritus
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itching
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A thickened scar
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keyloid
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Inflammatory disease of the joints and collagen of the skin; can affect other organs of the body
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systemic lupus erythematosus
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A bed sore; break in continuity of skin
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decubitus ulcer
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Chronic recurrent dermatosis with silvery grey scales covering red patches of skin
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psoriasis
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Connective tissue in the skin that hardens
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scleroderma
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Layers of growth are removed and examined microscopically
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Moh’s surgery
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Spongy porous bone tissue
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cancellous bone
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Outward extension of shoulder bone
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Acromion
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Opening in a bone
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foramen
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What is mastoid process
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projection of the temporal bone
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What is a condyle
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knuckle like process at end of bone
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What is diaphysis
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shaft of a long bone
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What is scapula
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the shoulder bone
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The smaller of the two lower leg bones
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fibula
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Fluid found within the joint is called
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synovial fluid
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Smooth cartilage that surround surface of bones is called
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articular cartilage
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Turning the palm forward is known as
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supination
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What is Osteodystrophy
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poor formation of bone
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What is Spondylolisthesis
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sublexation of a vertebrae
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What is a laminectomy
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operation performed to relieve symptoms of slipped disc
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A lateral curvature of the spinal column
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scoliosis
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Osteomalacia means
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softening of a bone
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Osteomyelitis means
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inflammation of bone and bone marrow
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A comminuted fracture is
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splintered or crushed bone
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A surgical repair of a joint
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arthroplasty
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What does ankylosis mean
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condition of stiff bent joint
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Inflammation of joints caused by excessive uric acid accumulation
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gouty arthritis
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Malignant tumor of smooth muscle
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leiomyosarcoma
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Wasting away of muscle
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atrophy
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Chronic joint disease with inflamed and painful joints; marked by swollen and thickened synovial membranes
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rheumatoid arthritis
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What is lymphopoiesis
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formation of lymph
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What is found in the spaces between cells and becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries
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interstitial fluid
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What are lymphocytes, monocytes,phagocytes, and antibodies part of
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the immune system
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Helper or suppressor cells are
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Types of T cells
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What are IgA, IgG, and IgE
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immunoglobulins
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Oropharyngeal lymph tissue are
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the tonsils
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The organ that is the producer of Mediastinal T cells, is known as
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the thymus
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What are adenoids
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nasopharyngeal lymph tissue
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Adominal organ that filters erythrocytes and activates lymphocytes
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the spleen
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Produces lymphocytes and monocytes, and all other blood cells
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bone marrow
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What is lymphocytosis
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slight increase in number of lymphocytes
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What is toxic mean (in medical terms)
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pertaining to poison
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What is a lymphangiogram
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an x-ray record after injecting dye into lymph vessels
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HIV is referred to as
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the virus that causes AIDS
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Malignant tumor of the lymph nodes, is known as what disease
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Hodgkin disease
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A viral infection causing blisters on skin of lips, nose or genitalia
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herpes simplex
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Cancer arising from the lining of capillaries, producing blueish-red skin nodules
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Kaposi sarcoma
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What is toxoplasmosis
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parasitic (protozoan) infection associated with AIDS. Produces pneumonitis, hepatitis, and encephalitis
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What is Cryptococcus, and what disease is it associated with
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a fungal infection associated with AIDS, involves brain and meninges, lungs and skin
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What is atopy
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a hypersensitivity or allergic state
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What does anaphylaxsis mean
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an extraordinary hypersensitivity to a foreign protein
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What is an erythrocyte
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a red blood cell
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What type of cells come from bone marrow
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stem cells
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What is a lymphocyte
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a leukocyte formed in lymph tissue; and produces antibodies
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What is eosinophil
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leukocyte with dense, reddish granules, associated with allergic reaction
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What is neutrophil
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leukocyte (poly) formed in bone marrow and having neautral-staining granules
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What is fibrin
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protein threads that form the basis of a clot
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What is electrophoresis
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method of separating out plasma proteins by electrical charge
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What are antigens
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foreign material that invades the body
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What is bilirubin
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pigment produced from hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed
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What do you call an undifferentiated blood cell
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stem cell
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What is the anticoagulant found in blood
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heparin
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What is poikilocytosis
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a disorder of red blood cell morphology
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What is a reticulocyte
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an immature red blood cell
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What is myeloid
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derived from bone marrow
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sideropenia occurs causing deficient production of hemoglobin, due to
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iron deficiency
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What is aplastic anemia
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failure of red blood cell production due to absence of formation of cells in the bone marrow
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What is thalassemia
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an inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin
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What is pernicious anemia
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a lack of mature red cells due to inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body
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Abnormal numbers of relatively mature lymphocytes predominant in the marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen, is known as what disease
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chronic lymphocytic leukemia
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Excessive bleeding caused by congenital lack of factor VIII
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hemophilia
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The mediastinum is located
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between the lungs in the chest
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Phren/o means
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diaphragm
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Where is the apex located
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in the uppermost region of the lung
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What are the bronchi
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tubes that bifurcate the windpipe
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The valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, is known as
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pulmonary valve
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What is the larynx
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the voicebox
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What does hypercapnia mean
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high carbon dioxide in the blood
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Where is the hilum located
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middle region where the bronchi, blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the lungs
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What are the lobes
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divisions of the lungs
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What does hypoxemia mean
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condition of decreased oxygen in the blood
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A type of pneumoconiosis
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asbestosis
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What is orthopnea mean
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breathing easier in an upright position
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What does pyothorax mean
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collection of pus in the pleural cavity
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The “P” in DPT stands for
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pertussis
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Stridor occurs in what upper respiratory disorder
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croup
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What does dyspnea mean
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difficult breathing
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What is asthma
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bronchial airway obstruction marked by paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing and cough
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What does atelectasis mean
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collapsed lung
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Material that is expelled from the lungs
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expectoration
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What is a pulmonary abscess
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localized area of pus formation in the lungs
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Spitting up blood from the lungs is known as
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hemoptysis
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What is it called when a tube is placed through mouth to trachea to establish an airway
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endotracheal intubation
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PPD is what kind of test
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tuberculin test
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What is COPD
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airway obstruction associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis
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A blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs
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pulmonary artery
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What do you call the Contraction phase of the heartbeat
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systole
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Where is the mitral valve located
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between the left upper and lower chamber of the heart
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A saclike membrane that surrounds the heart
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pericardium
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Sensitive tissue in the right atrium wall that begins the heartbeat
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sinoatrial node
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Blood vessels branching from the aorta to carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
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coronary artery
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Disease of the heart muscle
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cardiomyopathy
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Inflammation of a vein
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phlebitis
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An aneurysm is
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a local widening of an artery
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blueish coloration of the skin
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cyanosis
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What is it called when chest pain is relieved with nitroglycerin
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Angina Pectoris
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What does Petechiae mean
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small pinpoint hemorrhages
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What is Tetralogy of Fallot
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four separate congenital heart defects
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What does Patent mean
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open
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What is fibrillation
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cardiac arrhythmia
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The cause of essential hypertension is known as
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idiopathic
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What is a drug used to strengthen the heartbeat
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digitalis
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A mitral valve prolapse is known as
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click-murmur syndrome
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What is endarterectomy
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removal of plaque from an artery
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What is a Holter monitor
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EKG taken during daily activity
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What is the sinoatrial node
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the pacemaker of the heart
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What is CHF (Congestive Heart Failure)
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inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood
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A rapid but regular atrial and ventricular contractions is known as
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a flutter
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A congenital narrowing of large artery leading from the heart is known as
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coarctation of the aorta
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Short episodes of pallor and numbness in fingers and toes due to temporary constriction of arterioles,is known as
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Raynaud syndrome
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What is spread of malignant tumors to a distant location
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Metastasis
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Solid tumor derived from epithelial tissue
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adenocarcinoma of the lung
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Mushrooming pattern of growth as tumor cells pile on top of each other
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Fungating tumor
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Sessile and pedunculated types of growths, this is known as a
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polypoid
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Localized tumor growth is called
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carcinoma in situ
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A Scirrhous tumor is
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hard, densely packed tumor cells
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Staging of tumors is done by
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assessing the degree of tumor spread
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Mutagenic means
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producing a change in the DNA of a cell
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Mutation means
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an inheritable change in a cell
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Genetic material that causes cancer
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oncogenes
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What is the wide resection of tumor and removal of surrounding tissue
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Exenteration
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What is a tumor that requires large doses of radiation to produce death of cells
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Radioresistant tumor
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The return of symptoms of disease is known as
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Relapse
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A wide surgical incision of the abdomen to detect disease, this procedure is known as
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staging laparotomy
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Destruction of tissue by electric sparks is known as
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Fulguration
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Known type of inherited cancer
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retinoblastoma
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Malignant tumor of fibrous tissue
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fibrosarcoma
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T1N2M0 stands for
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tumor is present with palpable regional lymph nodes and no metastases
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Apoptosis means
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Programmed cell death
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Specialization of cells, this is known as
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differentiation
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A new growth; tumor
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Neoplasm
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A substance that produces cancer
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Carcinogen
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Cancerous tumor derived from bone, this is known as
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osteogenic sarcoma
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What is a treatment that will relieve, but not cure, known as
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palliative
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What absorbs most of the x-rays it is exposed to
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Radiopaque substance
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A barium enema is
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metallic powder is introduced into large intestine and x-rays are taken
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What is a x-ray of the renal pelvis and urinary tract after injecting dye into a vein
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IVP
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An x-ray of the spinal cord is known as a
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myelogram
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An x-ray of a joint is known as
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Arthrogram
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A CT scan uses
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ionizing x-rays and a computer to produce a transverse image of the body organs
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Sagittal, frontal, and cross sectional images are produced using magnetic and radio waves
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An MRI
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X-ray view in which patient is upright with back to the x-ray machine and the film to the chest
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PA view
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A Substance that gives off high energy particles or rays
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radioisotope
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Test in which radiopharmaceutical is injected intravenously and traced within the vessels of the lung, this procedure is called
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perfusion study of the lung
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An in vivo test is where
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Experiments are performed in a living organism
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What is radiation therapy using an implanted radioisotope source
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Brachytherapy
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Radiosensitive organs or tissues are
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organs or tissues susceptible to the effects of radiation
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changes in the skin, redness, is known as
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Erythema
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Alopecia means
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hair loss
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Abnormal growth of connective tissue is known as
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fibrosis
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Myelosuppression is
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Hypoplasia of bone marrow
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What does mucositis mean
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inflammation of the inner lining of an organ
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radioactive elements inserted directly into a tumor, is known as
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Interstitial therapy
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X-ray pictures are taken circularly around an area of the body and a computer synthesizes the information into a composite axial picture
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CT scan
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Therapeutic procedures are performed by a radiologist under the guidance of fluoroscopy or ultrasound
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interventional radiology
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Radiopaque substances are given and x-rays are taken, this is known as
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contrast studies
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A Series of x-rays are taken at different depths of an organ
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tomography
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X-ray beams are focused from the body onto a screen that glows as a result of the ionizing effect of x-rays, this is known as
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fluoroscopy
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A magnetic field and radio waves are used to form images of the body
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An MRI
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The combination of two drugs can cause an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each, this is known as
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synergisim
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Suppositories are administered via this route
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rectal
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Drugs applied to the skin, is known as
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topical drugs
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Anaphylaxis is
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A type of hypersensitivity reaction
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Aerosols are administered via this route
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inhalation
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Drugs that block release of a substance that causes allergic reactions are known as
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antihistamines
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Morphine is what kind of drug
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analgesic
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Drugs that are swallowed and absorbed through the intestinal tract
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oral drugs
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Drugs injected through a syringe into a muscle, vein, or body cavity
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parenteral drugs
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A beta-blocker is what kind of drug
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cardio vascular
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Drugs used to treat epilepsy
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anticonvulsants
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Heparin is a
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Anticoagulant
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Drugs that produce loss of sensation throughout the body
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anasthetics
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A type of endocrine drug
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estrogen
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Drugs used to relieve pain, induce sleep, and suppress cough are known as
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analgesics
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Amphetamine and caffeine are known as
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stimulants
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A drug that lowers blood pressure by promoting fluid excretion from the kidney
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diuretic
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Drugs that relax without necessarily producing sleep, these are known as
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sedatives
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Penicillin is what kind of drug
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antibiotic
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Drugs that control anxiety and severe behavior disturbances, these are known as
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tranquilizers
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Drug administered under the tongue is known as
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sublingual
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Drug against itching
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antipruritic
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Drug that prevents nausea and vomiting
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antiemetic
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Drug that reduces fever is known as
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antipyretic
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Drug that opens airways is known as
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bronchodilator
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An unexpected effect produced in a sensitive individual, but not seen in most patients
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idiosyncrasy
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What does ECHO stand for
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Echocardiography
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What does COPD stand for
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Chronic obstrucive pulmonary disease
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What does ADH stand for
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antidiuretic hormone
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What does ACTH stand for
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adrenocorticotropic hormone
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A genetic disorder involving defective development of bones, this is known as
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osteogenesis imperfecta
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The thin, single, flat bone that forms the lower portion of the nasal septum. This is called
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The Vomer
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A bone that is partially broken, is known as what kind of fracture
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Greenstick
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The lower, narrow portion of the sternum is known as
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xiphoid process
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|
| |
A condition without development of cartilage, this is known as
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achondroplasia
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What is fibrinogen
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plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
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A granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow is known as
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neutrophil
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Reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction is known as
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hemolytic anemia
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What does dysphonia mean
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hoarseness or other voice impairment
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A passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth, this is known as
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patent ductus arteriosus
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If the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each, this is called
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additive action
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A large electronic device that produces high energy x-ray beams for the treatment of deep-seated tumors, this is known as
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linear accelerator
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The sensitive auditory receptor area found in the choclea, is known as
|
organ of corti
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The auditory meatus is known as
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the auditory canal
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Passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium, is known as
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semicircular canal
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The flap of the ear is called
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auricle
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What does the Utricle located in the labyrinth of the ear help do
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help maintain equilibrium
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What does Xanth/o mean
|
yellow
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Infection of the skin caused by a fungus, is known as
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tinea
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Inflammation of sweat glands is termed
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hidradentitis
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A round depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur is called
|
acetabulum
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|
| |
|
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Slit lamp microscopy is a procedure where
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an examination of the eyes are examined by a Opthmalogist
| |
A fluorescein angiography is a procedure where
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an intravenous injection of fluorescein (a dye) followed by serial photographs of the retina
| |
What does Lordosis mean
|
condition of irregular curvature
| |
What does AD stand for, in terms of the ear
|
right ear
| |
What does AS stand for in terms of the ear
|
left ear
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Scrapings from skin lesions, hair specimens, or nail cliplings are used for what kind of test
|
fungal test
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Several scratches are made to the skin and a very minute amount of test material is inserted in the scratches, what kind of test is this
|
scratch test
| |
How is glaucoma diagnosed
|
tonometry
| |
A condition that produces a buffalo hump appearence
|
Cushing syndrome
| |
What does hemothroax mean
|
blood in the pleural cavity
| |
Relaxiontion phase of the heart is known as
|
diastole
| |
What does hematemesis mean
|
vomiting blood
| |
What does tachypena mean
|
excessivly rapid and shallow breathing
| |
What does humeral mean
|
pertaining to the humerous
| |
What does tibual mean
|
pertaining to the tibia
| |
What does radial mean
|
pertaining to the radius
| |
What does ulnar mean
|
pertaining to the ulna
| |
Visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope is known as
|
arthroscopy
| |
What does lymphadenitis
|
inflammation of the lymph node (gland)
| |
What does lymphoid mean
|
resembling or derived from lymph
| |
What does fasciectomy
|
removal of the fascia
| |
What does bronchiolitis mean
|
inflammation of the brochials
| |
Accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity, is known as
|
hemothorax
| |
Improper closure of the mitrial valve is known as
|
mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
| |
What is a bulla
|
a large vesicle (blister)
| |
A noninfectious inflammation with accumulation of serous fluid, in the ear, is known as
|
serous otitis media
| |
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